SEVENTH GENERATION

30. Philippe Samuel KORNGIEBEL was born about 1715/16. He emigrated about 1745 from Schwabendorf to Wolfskaute, Kreise Rauschenberg, Kurfürstentum Hessen-Kassel. He died on 26 Jul 1751 in Wolfskaute, Kreise Rauschenberg, Kurfürstentum Hessen-Kassel. He resided at House 81 in Schwabendorf, Kreise Rauschenberg, Kurfürstentum Hessen-Kassel.
After almost a century of religious freedom and peace in France, beginning with the Edict of Nantes in 1598, French King Louis XIV in 1685 revoked the Edict of Nantes by the Edict of Fontainebleau on 17 October 1685. This came after even the billeting of dragoons in Huguenot households, the infamous Dragonnades, had no effect on the conversion of the French Reformed Christians, or Huguenots. The revocation decreed that it was illegal for Protestants to live within the country but also forbade them from leaving, another attempt at forced conversion to Catholicism. In the following few years, almost 200,000 Huguenots fled France for Holland, England, Germany, Denmark Switzerland, the American colonies, and South Africa. About 44,000 Huguenots settled in Germany, primarily in Hessen and Württemberg.

Schwabendorf was founded in 1687, when 116 French Huguenot refugees living in the nearby city of Rauschenberg were assigned land "on the Schwabe." The government of Landgraf Carl in Hessen-Kassel provided 1000 oak trunks for building houses, which replaced the first provisional huts made from sticks and straw. After difficult, mistake-laden initial years, agriculture developed, as well as stocking, cloth and hat making, knowledge about which the colonists brought with them from their home in the Val du Cluson in France.

By 1750 the village was the center of the Oberhessen stocking-weaving industry. The French language was spoken about 150 years in the village. Today still the French surnames Aillaud, Badouin, Boucsein, Tourte and Vinçon as well as many village names, remind one of the origin of Schwabendorf.


Schwabendorf and Wolfskaute: Village History in Dates

1685 18th April: Landgraf Carl of Hessen-Cassel publishes a concession of liberty and reprieve favoring the Huguenots who are persecuted in France because of their faith. An area with the highest density of Huguenot refugees is established in Hessen-Cassel.

1687 116 French refugees in 30 families are assigned to Rauschenberg and receive settlement "On the Schwabe," an area which had served as pasture-land. Most of the refugees come from the southern French province of Dauphiné.

1688 The first weddings are celebrated in the "temple" of the new colony. The parsonage is built. Most of the colonists still live in makeshift barracks. Beginning in 1690 when Landgraf Carl provides the colonists with 1,000 tree trunks, more and more actual houses are erected.

1689 The Waldensian minister Daniel Martin from Balbouté / Val Cluson arrives in Schwabendorf, serving as minister until his death in 1704. Due to his personal energy and enterprising spirit, the colonists do not give up their endeavor.

1690 The Walloon families (People from southern Belgium, where the language was a dialect of French called Walloon, who held the Reformed faith) André, Banquet, Boucsein, Canel, Flament, Foignard, du Mont, and Robert leave Schwabendorf as a result of disagreements and settle in Horhausen (Nassau-Schaumburg).

1692 The colony receives "Schäfereygerechitigkeit," the privilege of keeping and breeding sheep up to 300 head, guarded by a local shepherd.

1694 The first documented mention of the name "Schwabendorf" for the colony. The families Boucsein, Canel and Foignard return from Horhausen and found Hertinghausen, with the family of Jean Martin, Daniel's son.

1699 Jean Villang from Wasmes / Belgium Hennegau begins to construct a house on the "Straße nach Cassel" (the road to Cassel), becoming a co-founder of the "Straßerhof."

1700 Daniel Aillaud from Balbouté / Val Cluson arrives at Schwabendorf, accompanied by other Waldensians.

1702 French families from Schwabendorf establish the neighboring village of Wolfskaute, later being replaced by German families.

1704 Jean Martin succeeds his late father as minister for Schwabendorf and Hertingshausen.

1710 The first German families, cattle herdsmen and shepherds, settle in the Schwabendorf.

1711 The first Fackwerk (half-timbered, or framework) church is completed and dedicated.

1715 Landgraf Carl of Hessen grants "Brauereygerechtigeit" to Schwabendorf, the right to brew beer. Immediately a community brewery is built.

1724 Among the 24 families living in Schwabendorf there are already 7 German families. The stocking-weavers and weavers are equipped with 17 stocking looms. The village district encompasses 115 hectares (@ 280 acres), and the farms have 4 horses, 64 oxen, and 250 head of sheep. For the first time the colonists are required to pay "Contributions," taxes.

1725 Schwabendorf receives the right to use "Brücher Wiesen" (literally "broken meadows, later called Franzosenwiesen, or "French meadows") for 6 years; this was a moor (swamp) in Burgwald (forest) 6 miles from Schwabendorf. 24 farmers share the sparse harvest of hay and moss for their animals.

1730 The district of the village is surveyed and mapped. The village district encompasses 115 hectares (@280 acres).

1735 The small village of Wolfskaute has 6 houses, occupied by 5 German families, one French family, 15 oxen and cows, 23 head of sheep and 7 pigs. The village district encompasses 25.5 hectares (@ 63 acres).

1743 Schwabendorf's privilege of brewing beer again causes conflict with Rauschenberg. The colony is the only village in the Amt Rauschenberg (district of Rauschenberg) with the brewing privilege.

1746 The "Lager-, Stück-, und Steuerbuch" is established for the colony, a record for the purpose of taxation. According to the record, Schwabendorf counts 217 inhabitants belonging to 46 families living in 36 dwellings. Occupations counted are:
• 16 stocking-weavers
• 4 linen-weavers
• 6 wool combers
• 5 woolminers
• 2 blacksmiths
• 1 grocer
• 1 innkeeper

The community was served by a "Grebe" (mayor), a principal, a juror, a field-guard, a shepherd, and a herdsman who also acted as night-watchman. A day-laborer (Tagelöhner) also was employed by the colony. The village district encompasses 224 hectares.

1750 Chrétien H. P. Suchier is the new minister. He distinguishes himself by outstanding maintenance of the church books. In 1758 he is called to Karlshafen.

1756-1763 Seven Years War (Siebenjährige Klieg)
French troops occupy the village repeatedly and take up quarters in the houses. The oppressed inhabitants take refuge in the nearby forest.

1766 The families Andreas, Heeler, Linge and Schmidt from Densberg are granted citizen rights (Bürgerrechte) and settle in the village.

1768 The local authorities purchase a house on Winterseite (one of the two main streets, the other being Sommerseite), later to be designated 39, and designate it a schoolhouse for the village children. The former schoolhouse, where today blacksmith Karl Dorbecker lives, had become too small and was sold to Langendorf.

School teacher during this time was the native Schwabendorfer and son of a stocking-manufacturer Philippe Gautier, who formerly taught in the colony of Leckringhausen near Schwabendorf.

1770 The church, built in 1711, receives its first bell.

1776-1783 Ten Schwabendorf men take part in the American Revolution, as Hessian mercenaries. They fight for English interests in New York, New Jersey and the Carolinas.

1780 With the advent of fire insurance, all village houses are given numbers. These numbers remained until 1974, the year of administrative reform in all Hessen.. Schwabendorf now has 289 inhabitants living in 53 families, 27 of French origin and 26 German families. Professions include:
• 25 stocking-weavers or manufacturers
• 2 linen weavers
• 2 hatters
• 1 tailor
• 1 shoemaker
In Wolfskaute live 49 inhabitants in 10 families.

1787 On the 100th anniversary of the founding of the village there are still 16 French surnames represented: Aillaud, Bedouin, Boucsein, Chastain, Faure, la Forge, Gautier, Grisall, Joubert, Marcellin, Moutoux, Renard, Sauvageol, Torte, Villang and Vinson.

1792 Hatter Pierre Chastain, of Sommerseite 15, receives a license to practice his craft and to exhibit at markets.

1803 The schoolhouse changes from Winterseite to Sommerseite 8, the ancestral home of the Bedouin family. Jean Henri Aillaud, mayor and teacher, barters the house from Noé Bedouin. Later he passed it down to his son Pierre "Pappe" Aillaud, who succeeded him as teacher.

1807 During the Napoleonic period (1794-1814) Schwabendorf is called a "commune," part of "Kanton Rauschenberg" of "District Warburg," "Department of Werra," the "Kingdom of Westphalia, created by Napoleon for his brother Jerome. The Bürgermeister (mayor) is now called "maire" in French.

1810 Schwabendorf tenants successfully avert the intentions of the forestry administration to remove their privileges to use the meadows "Franzoweisen" (See 1725).

1812 Schwabendorf men are on their way to Russia, among Napoleon's Grand Army. One of them, Jean Boucsein, sees Moscow burning and survives the disastrous retreat, as well. Russian Cossack troops enter Schwabendorf and confiscate forage and food.

Familienbbuch von Schwabendorf und Wolfskaute
Band 3 1687 - 1925
Gerhard Badouin
Arbeitskreis für Hugenotten- und Waldensergeschichte Schwabendorf eV, 2000
page 63

He was married to Elisabeth LAIKEL (?) on 12 Mar 1734 in Schwabendorf, Kreise Rauschenberg, Kurfürstentum Hessen-Kassel. Elisabeth LAIKEL (?) died between 1739 and 1745. Philippe Samuel KORNGIEBEL and Elisabeth LAIKEL (?) had the following children:

+33 i. Jean Guillaume (Wilhelm) KORNGIEBEL.
34 ii. Elisabeth KORNGIEBEL died about 1738 in Schwabendorf, Kreise Rauschenberg, Kurfürstentum Hessen-Kassel. She was born on 21 Jan 1738.
35 iii. Elisabeth KORNGIEBEL was born on 5 Mar 1739 in Schwabendorf, Kreise Rauschenberg, Kurfürstentum Hessen-Kassel.

He was married to Anne Christine KLEIMENHAGEN on 24 Nov 1745 in Schwabendorf, Kreise Rauschenberg, Kurfürstentum Hessen-Kassel. Anne Christine KLEIMENHAGEN was born about 1708. She died in 1758. Philippe Samuel KORNGIEBEL and Anne Christine KLEIMENHAGEN had the following children:

36 i. Anne Margarethe KORNGIEBEL was born on 7 Jan 1746 in Schwabendorf, Kreise Rauschenberg, Kurfürstentum Hessen-Kassel.