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EMAIL US		 bullet William KENDRICK was born in 1704 in King William County, VA. He died in 1777 in Warren Co, NC. Ref: Kendrick..., Historic Southern Fam. V1,p34 "According to family traditions, he was a surveyer."

By 1735, had moved to Isle of Wight Co., VA. By 1744, was living in North Carolina Parents: John KENDRICK.

He was married to Sarah JONES in 1730 in , VA. Children were: James KENDRICK, John KENDRICK Capt, Mary KENDRICK, Benjamin KENDRICK, Rebecca KENDRICK, Sarah KENDRICK, Martha KENDRICK, Jones KENDRICK, Isham KENDRICK.

bullet William KENDRICK was born in 1760 in Mechlenburg Co., VA. Parents: John KENDRICK Capt and Amy FOX.

bullet MAUD (MATILDA) KEVELIOC(33) was born in 1171. She died on 6 Jan 1233. Parents: HUGH DE KEVELIOC- MESCHINES and BERTRADE D'EVEREUX DE MONTFORT .

She was married to DAVID DE HUNTINGTON on 26 Aug 1190. Children were: MARGARET DE HUNTINGTON , DAVID LE SCOT, ROBERT LE SCOT, HENRY Le Scot DE STIRLING, MAUDE LE SCOT, ISOBELLA LE SCOT, ADA DE HUNTINGTON, JOHN LE SCOT.

bullet ALFONSO II 'THE CHASTE' KING OF ARAGON(33) was born in May 1152 in VILLA MAYOR DEL VALLE, ARAGON, SPAIN. He died on 25 Apr 1196 in PERPIGNAN, PYRENEES-ORIENTA, ARAGON, SPAIN. Parents: RAYMOND 'THE SAINT' BERENGER and PETRONILLA RAMIREZ .

He was married to SANCHA ALFONSEZ INFANTA OF CASTILE on 18 Jan 1173 in SARAGOSA, SPAIN. Children were: ALFONSO III 'EL CASTRO' PRINCE OF ARAGON, PEDRO II 'THE CATHOLIC' KING OF ARAGON, SANCHA ALFONSEZ , CONSTANZA ALFONSEZ.

bullet JAMES I 'THE CONQUERER' KING OF ARAGON(33) was born on 1 Feb 1207 in MONTPELLIER, FRANCE. He died on 25 Jul 1276 in VALENCIA, SPAIN. HISTKING JAMES I OF ARAGON CALLED THE CONQUEROR WAS THE SON OF KING PEDRO II AN D BORN IN MONTPELLIER, FRANCE ON FEB 1 1207. HE SUCCEEDED HIS FATHER AS KING I N 1213 AT AGE SIX. SIXTEEN YEARS LATER JAMES BEGAN HIS CONQUEST OF THE BALEARI C ISLANDS,GAINING FULL CNTROL IN 1235. AFTER A THREE- YEAR CAMPAIGN, HE CAPTURE D THE MOORISH CONTROLLED CITY OF VALENCIA. HE CONCLUDED A CODE OF LAWS IN 1247 AND ENDED THE TERRITORIAL DISPUTES BETWEEN ARAGON AND FRANCE WITH THE TREATY O F CORBEIL WITHKING LOUIS IX IN 1258. HE SPENT THE REST OF HIS LIFE DEDICATED T O EXPELLING THE MOORS FROM THE SPANISH PENINSULA. UPON HIS DEATH HE DIVIDED HI S KINGDOM BETWEEN HIS TWO SONS, WHICH ULTIMATELY LED TO CONFLICT. Parents: PEDRO II 'THE CATHOLIC' KING OF ARAGON and MARIE DE MONTPELLIER.

He was married to YOLANDE PRINCESS OF HUNGARY on 8 Sep 1235 in BARCELONA, SPAIN. Children were: VIOLANTE (YOLANDE) PRINCESS OF ARAGON, PEDRO III 'THE GREAT' KING OF ARAGON, ISABELLE PRINCESS OF ARAGON.

bullet PEDRO II 'THE CATHOLIC' KING OF ARAGON(33) was born in 1176 in ARAGON, SPAIN. He died on 14 Sep 1213 in BATTLE OF MURAT, ALLIER, FRANCE. Parents: ALFONSO II 'THE CHASTE' KING OF ARAGON and SANCHA ALFONSEZ INFANTA OF CASTILE .

He was married to MARIE DE MONTPELLIER on 15 Jun 1204. Children were: JAMES I 'THE CONQUERER' KING OF ARAGON.

bullet PEDRO III 'THE GREAT' KING OF ARAGON(33) was born in 1239. He died on 10 Nov 1285. Parents: JAMES I 'THE CONQUERER' KING OF ARAGON and YOLANDE PRINCESS OF HUNGARY.

bullet RAMIRO I KING OF ARAGON(33) was born in 1012. He died on 8 May 1063 in KILLED AT GRAUS. Parents: SANCHO III 'THE GREAT' GARCIA DE CASTILE and SANCHA DE AYBAR.

He was married to GISBERGA (HERMESENDA) DE FOIX on 22 Aug 1036 in JACA, SPAIN. Children were: SANCHO IV RAMIREZ, SANCHA RAMIREZ.

bullet WRATISLAW II KING OF BOHEMIA(33) was born in 1035. He died on 14 Jan 1093. Parents: JUDITH VON SCHWEINFURT.

He was married to ADELAIDE PRINCESS OF HUNGARY in 1057. Children were: JUDITH PRINCESS OF BOHEMIA, BRETISLAV II DUKE OF BOHEMIA, LIDMILLA PRINCESS OF BOHEMIA, WRATISLAW PRINCE OF BOHEMIA.

bullet CONRAD I 'THE PEACEFUL' KING OF BURGUNDY(33) was born in 925. He died on 19 Oct 993.

He was married to MATHILDA PRINCESS OF FRANCE in 965. Children were: BERTHA PRINCESS OF BURGUNDY, MATHILDA PRINCESS OF BURGUNDY, GERBERGA PRINCESS OF UPPER BURGUND .

bullet ALFONSO VI 'THE BRAVE' KING OF CASTILE AND LEON(33) was born in Jun 1030 in BURGOS, SPAIN. He died on 9 Jun 1109 in TOLEDO, SPAIN. HISTALFONSO THE BRAVE WAS THE SON OF FERDINAND I OF CASTILE &LEON. FERDINAND D IED IN 1065 AND LEFT HIS KINGDOM DIVIDED IN THREE PARTS, TO HIS THREE SONS. AL FONSO RECIEVED ONLY LEON, BUT SUCCEDED TO ALL OF HIS FATHER'S DOMINIONS IN WARS WITH HISBROTHERS WHEN HE ADDED TOLEDO AND NEW CASTILE TO HIS HOLDINGS. IN 108 6, THE ABBADIDS OF SEVILLE, WITH ALMORAVID HELP, DEFEATED HIM AT ZALACA AND STO PPED THE GRADUAL RECONQUEST OF SPAIN BY CHRISTIANS. ALFONSO REGAINED SOME OF HI S POWER, BUT IN1108, A YEAR BEFORE HIS DEATH, THE ALMORAVIDS DEFEATED HIM AGAIN AND KILLED LHIS ONLY SON. Parents: FERDINAND I 'THE GREAT' KING OF LEON AND CASTILE and SANCHA PRINCESS OF LEON.

He was married to CONSTANCE DE BURGUNDY on 8 May 1081. Children were: URRACA ALFONSEZ .

He was married to AGNES D'AQUITAINE in 1069. Children were: TERESA PRINCESS OF CASTILE AND.

bullet ALFONSO VII KING OF CASTILE(33) was born on 1 Mar 1104 in CASTILE, SPAIN. He died on 21 Aug 1157 in FRESENDA, SPAIN. Parents: RAYMOND DE BURGUNDY and URRACA ALFONSEZ.

He was married to BERENGUELA (BERENGARIA) BERENGER in Nov 1128 in SALDANA, SPAIN. Children were: FERDINAND II KING OF LEON, CONSTANCE PRINCESS OF CASTILE, SANCHO III 'THE DESIRED' KING OF CASTILE , SANCHA ALFONSEZ INFANTA OF CASTILE.

He was married to RICHEZA DUCHESS OF POLAND in Jul 1152. Children were: SANCHA ALFONSEZ INFANTA OF CASTILE.

bullet ALFONSO VIII 'THE GOOD' KING OF CASTILE(33) was born on 11 Nov 1155 in SORIA, SPAIN. He died on 5 Oct 1214 in AVEVALO, SPAIN. He was buried in CISTERCIAN MONASTERY, SANTA MARIA LE REAL, HUELGAS, BURGOS, SPA. HISTALFONSO VIII SUCCEEDED THE THRONE UPON THE DEATH OF HIS FATHER, SANCHO III. TROUBLED BY INTERFERENCE FROM NAVARRE IN HIS YOUTH, HE LATER SUCCEEDED IN UNI TING CASTILE AND ARAGON, WHICH FORMED A BASIS FOR THE UNIFICATION OF SPAIN. HE ALSOESTABLISHED CASTILIAN CONTROL OVER LEON. IN 1170, HE MARRIED ELEANOR, DAU GHTER OF KING HENRY II 'CURMANTLE' OF ENGLAND. FROM THE 1170'S, HE RESISTED EN CROACHMENTS BY THE ALMOHADS, MUSLIM INVADERS FROM NORTH AFRICA. DEFEATED BY TH E MUSLIMLEADER YAKUB AL-MANSER AT ALARCOS IN 1195, ALFONSO AND HIS ALLIES WON A MAJOR VICTORY OVER AL- MANSER AT NAVAS DE TOLOSA IN 1212. Parents: SANCHO III 'THE DESIRED' KING OF CASTILE and BLANCHE PRINCESS OF NAVARRE.

He was married to ELEANOR PLANTAGENET on 21 Sep 1177 in BURGOS CATHEDRAL, CASTILE, SPAIN. Children were: MAFALDA PRINCESS OF CASTILE, CONSTANCE PRINCESS OF CASTILE, BERENGARIA ALFONSEZ , SANCHO ALFONSEZ, SANCHA ALFONSEZ , URRACA ALFONSEZ, BLANCHE (BLANCA) PRINCESS OF CASTILE, FERNANDO ALFONSEZ , CONSTANZA ABBESS OF LAS HUELGAS, HENRY I (ENRIQUE) KING OF CASTILE.

bullet FERDINAND III 'THE SAINT' KING OF CASTILE(33) was born in Jul 1201 in CASTILE, SPAIN. He died on 30 May 1252 in SEVILLE, SPAIN. HISTFERDINAND III,CALLED THE SAINT, SON OF ALFONSO IX THE SLOBBERER. IN 1217,F ERDINAND'S MOTHER BERENGARIA, RENOUNCED HE RIGHT TO THE THRONE OF CASTILE IN FA VOR OF HER SON. ALFONSO, WHO EXPECTED TO ACQUIRE CASTILE, WAS ANGERED BY HIS W IFE'SACTIONS, AND MADE WAR UPON HIS NEWLY CROWNED SON. FERDINAND WAS, HOWEVER WITH THE WISE COUNSEL OF HIS MOTHER, MORE THAN A MILITARY MATCH FOR HIS FATHER, WHO WAS FORCED TO ABANDON HIS PLANS. UPON THE DEATH OF HIS FATHER IN 1230, FE RDINAND WASABLE TO PEACEFULLY UNITE LEON AND CASTILE. FERDINAND SPENT HIS TIME PURSUING THE WAR AGAINST THE MOORS, CONQUERING CORDOBA IN 1236 AND SEVILLE IN 1248. Parents: ALFONSO IX 'THE SLOBERRER' KING OF LEON and BERENGARIA ALFONSEZ.

He was married to BEATRICE ELIZABETH VON HOHENSTAUFEN in 1220.

He was married to JOHANNA (JEANNE) DE DAMMARTIN in 1237 in BURGOS, SPAIN. Children were: ELEANOR DE CASTILLE, SIMON FERDINANDEZ, JUAN FERDINANDEZ, FERNANDO FERDINANDEZ, LUIS FERDINANDEZ.

bullet HENRY I (ENRIQUE) KING OF CASTILE(33) was born on 14 Apr 1204. He died on 6 Jun 1217. Parents: ALFONSO VIII 'THE GOOD' KING OF CASTILE and ELEANOR PLANTAGENET.

bullet SANCHO III 'THE DESIRED' KING OF CASTILE(33) was born in 1134. He died on 31 Aug 1158. Parents: ALFONSO VII KING OF CASTILE and BERENGUELA (BERENGARIA) BERENGER.

He was married to BLANCHE PRINCESS OF NAVARRE on 30 Jan 1150 in CALAHORRA/LOGERA, SPAIN. Children were: ALFONSO VIII 'THE GOOD' KING OF CASTILE, GARCIAS SANCHEZ.

bullet AETHELRED II 'THE UNREADY' KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born in 968. He died on 23 Apr 1016 in London, England. He was buried in ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL, LONDON, ENGLAND. Parents: EDGAR 'THE PEACEFUL' KING OF ENGLAND and ELFRIDA (AELFTHRYTH) LADY OF DEVON.

He was married to ELFRETHA (AEFLAED ALGIFU) THORADSDOTTIR in 985. Children were: AELGIFU PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, ATHELSTAN PRINCE OF ENGLAND, WULFHILDA PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, EDMUND II 'IRONSIDE' KING OF ENGLAND, ECGBERT PRINCE OF ENGLAND, EDRED PRINCE OF ENGLAND, EDWY PRINCE OF ENGLAND, EDGAR PRINCE OF ENGLAND , EDWARD PRINCE OF ENGLAND, EDITH PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, Dau Of Aethelred II ABBESS OF WHERWELL, EDRIC PRINCE OF ENGLAND.

He was married to EMMA DE NORMANDY on 5 Apr 1002 in WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL; LONDON, ENGLAND. Children were: EDWARD 'THE CONFESSOR' KING OF ENGLAND, GODGIFU (GODA) PRINCESS OF KENT, ALFRED ATHELING PRINCE OF KENT.

bullet EDGAR 'THE EXILE' KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born in 1048 in HUNGARY. He died in 1126. He was a. Parents: EDWARD 'THE OUTLAW' PRINCE (ATHELING) OF ENGL and AGATHA VON BRAUNSCHWEIG.

Children were: MATHILDA PRINCESS OF ENGLAND.

bulletEDGAR 'THE PEACEFUL' KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born in 943. He died on 8 Jul 975 in WINCHESTER, ENGLAND. He was buried in Glastonbury Abbey, Somerset, England.

He was married to ELFRIDA (AELFTHRYTH) LADY OF DEVON in 964. Children were: EDMUND 'THE MARTYR' KING OF ENGLAND, AETHELRED II 'THE UNREADY' KING OF ENGLAND.

bullet EDMUND 'THE MARTYR' KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born in 963. He died on 18 Mar 978 in CORFE, DORSETSHIRE, ENGLAND. Parents: EDGAR 'THE PEACEFUL' KING OF ENGLAND and ELFRIDA (AELFTHRYTH) LADY OF DEVON.

bullet EDMUND II 'IRONSIDE' KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born in 989. He died on 30 Nov 1016. He was buried in GLASTONBURY ABBEY, SOMERSET. Parents: AETHELRED II 'THE UNREADY' KING OF ENGLAND and ELFRETHA (AEFLAED ALGIFU) THORADSDOTTIR .

He was married to EADGYTH LADY OF NORTHUMBRIA in 1015 in MALMSBURY, WILTSHIRE. Children were: EDWARD 'THE OUTLAW' PRINCE (ATHELING) OF ENGL, EDMUND PRINCE OF ENGLAND.

bullet EDWARD 'THE CONFESSOR' KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born in 1002 in ISLIP, ENGLAND. He died on 5 Jan 1066 in London, England. Parents: AETHELRED II 'THE UNREADY' KING OF ENGLAND and EMMA DE NORMANDY.

He was married to EDITH GODWYNSDOTTIR in Jan 1045.

bullet EDWARD I 'THE LONGSHANKS' KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born on 17 Jun 1239 in WESTMINSTER PALACE. He died on 7 Jul 1307 in BURG-ON-THE-SANDS, CARLISLE, SCOTLAND. He was buried in WESTMINSTER ABBEY. HISTEDWARD I CALLED THE LONGSHANKS DUE TO HIS GREAT HEIGHT, WAS SON AND SUCCESS OR OF HENRY III KING OF ENGLAND. HE CLAIMED GREAT TRACTS OF LAND IN FRANCE IN 1254 WHEN HE MARRIED ELEANOR OF CASTILE, THE COUNTESS OF PONTHIEU. HE WAS HIGH LYRESPONSIBLE FOR HIS FATHER'S VICTORY IN THE BARON'S WAR. AS KING HIS CONQUES T OF WALES IN 1282 WAS FOLLOWED BY A LONG AND FUTILE ATTEMPT (1290- 1307) TO TA KEOVER SCOTLAND.
HISTEDWARD PROVED TO BE AN EFFECTIVE STATESMAN, HIS 'MODEL PARLIAMENT' IN 1295 BROUGHT TOGETHER NOBILITY, CLERGY, KNIGHT,AND BURGESSES FRO M THE CITIES, THE FIRST MEETING OF LORDS AND COMMONS.
HISTEDWARD WAS OVERLY PE OCCUPIED WITH FORIEGN POLICY, ESPECIALLY THE UNIFICATION OF THE LANDS ON THE IS LAND. A MAJOR CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE WELSH KING LLEWELYN AP GRUFFYDD BEGAN IN 12 77. IT ENDED UPON LLEWELYN'S DEATH IN 1282. IN 1301, THEKING'S OLDEST SON WAS CROWNED AS THE PRINCE OF WALES, A TITLE STILL HELD BY THE ENGLISH ROYAL HEIR. WHEN MARGARET MAID OF NORWAY, THE HEIR TO THE SCOTTISH THRONE, DIED IN 1290, A DISPUTE AROSE AS TO WHO WOULD TAKE THE SCOTTISH CROWN. EDWARDWAS ASKED TO ARB ITRATE BETWEEN THIRTEEN DIFFERENT CLAIMANTS. JOHN BALIOL WAS EDWARD'S FIRST CH OICE, BUT WAS UNPOPULAR, HIS SECOND CHOICE, WILLIAM WALLACE, REBELLED AGAINST E NGALND AND WAS A CONSTANT THORNE IN EDWARD'S SIDE UNTIL HE WASEXECUTED JULY 7 1 307. ROBERT THE BRUCE THEN SEIZED THE SCOTTISH THRONE AND WAS TO BECOME A NEME SIS TO EDWARD II. Parents: HENRY III KING OF ENGLAND and ELEANOR BERENGER.

He was married to ELEANOR DE CASTILLE on 18 Oct 1254 in LAS HUELGAS, BURGOS, SPAIN. Children were: ELEANOR PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, JOAN PRINCESS OF ENGLAND , JOHN PRINCE OF ENGLAND, HENRY PRINCE OF ENGLAND, JULIAN KATHERINE PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, JOAN Of Acre PRINCESS OF ENGLAND , ALFONSO PRINCE OF ENGALND, MARGARET PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, BERENGARIA PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, MARY ABBESS OF AMESBURY, ALICE PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, ISABELLA PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, ELIZABETH (ISABEL) PRINCESS OF ENGLAND , EDWARD II KING OF ENGLAND, BEATIRCE PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, BLANCHE PRINCESS OF ENGLAND.

bullet EDWARD II KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born on 25 Apr 1284 in CAERNARVON CASTLE, CAERNARVON, WALES. He died on 21 Sep 1327 in MURDERED AT BERKELEY CASTLE, GLOUCESTERSHIRE. HISTEDWARD II WAS AS MUCH A FAILURE AS KING AS HIS FATHER WAS SUCCESS. HE LAVI SHED MONEY AND GIFTS UPON HIS MALE FAVORITES, RAISING THE IRE OF THE NOBILITY. THE MOST NOTABLE WAS PIERS GAVESTON, HIS HOMOSEXUAL LOVER. ON HIS WEDDING DAY, EDWARDPREFERRED GAVSTON'S COUCH TO THE BED OF HIS NEW BRIDE. GAVESTON WAS EVE NTUALLY EXILED AND KILLED FOR LISCENTIOUS MISCONDUCT WITH THE KING. EDWARD IDE A OF POWER WAS THROUGH FORCE AND EXECUTIONS; HE HAD 28 KNIGHTS AND BARONS EXECU TED FORDISSENTION.
HISTEDWARD FAIRED NO BETTER AS A SOLDIER, AND HIS IGNORANCE LED TO THE RISE OF ROBERT THE BRUCE AND THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE SCOTTISH KINGD OM IN JUN 1314 AT THE BATTLE OF BANNOCKBURN, SCOTLAND.
HISTWAR BROKE OUT WITH FRANCE IN 1324, PROMPTING HIM TO SEND ISABELLA AND 'THEIR SON' EDWARD (LATER TO BECOME EDWARD III, AND MOST LIKELY THE SON OF WILLIAM WALLACE) TO NEGOTIATE WI TH HER BROTHER THE FRENCH KING CHARLES IV. ALONG ON THE TRIPWAS ROGER DE MORTI MER, HER LONGTIME LOVER, AND ONE OF EDWARD'S REBELLIOUS BARONS. THE COUPLE INV ADED ENGLAND IN 1326, CAPTURING AND IMPRISONING EDWARD. HE WAS REPLACED BY HI SON, WITH ROGER AND ISBELLA AS REGENTS.
HISTEDWARD II WAS EXECUTED IN SEP 1327 BY A RED HOT POKER INSERTED INTO HIS SPHINCTER INTO HIS BOWELS. Parents: EDWARD I 'THE LONGSHANKS' KING OF ENGLAND and ELEANOR DE CASTILLE.

He was married to ISABEL CAPET on 25 Jan 1307 in BOULOGNE, PAS-DE-CALAIS, FRANCE. Children were: EDWARD III KING OF ENGLAND, JOHN EARL OF CORNWALL, ELEANOR PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, JOAN PLANTAGENET .

bullet EDWARD III KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born on 13 Nov 1307 in WINDSOR PALACE, WINDSOR, BERKSHIRE. He died on 21 Jun 1377 in SHENE PALACE, SURREY FROM DEMENTIA. He was buried in WESTMINSTER ABBEY, LONDON, ENGLAND. HISTEDWARD III WAS THE OLDEST SON OF EDWARD II AND ISBELLA OF FRANCE, AND GRAND SON TO EDWARD THE LONGSHANKS. EDWARD II IS TRDITIONALLY GIVEN THE CREDIT FOR F ATHERING HIM, BUT WAS A HOMOSEXUAL AND ISABELLA WAS INVOLVED WITH BOTHE WILLIAM WALLACEAND ROGER DE MORTIMER, THE FORMER BEING THE MOST LIKELY CANDIDATE AMON G THE TWO. HE SPENT MOST OF HIS YOUTH IN HIS MOTHER'S COURT AND WAS CROWNED IN 1327. EDWARD DID NOT RECEIVE FULL POWERS AS KING UNTIL DE MORTIMER DIED IN 133 0, ENDING HISDOMINATING POWER AS REGENT.
HISTTHE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR COMINATE D MUCH OF EDWARD'S TIME. HE AND EDWARD BALIOL DEFEATED DAVID I OF SCOTLAND, EX ILING HIM IN 1333. THE FRENCH COOPERATION WITH THE SCOTS, FRENCH AGGRESSION IN GASCONY, AND EDWARD'S CLAIM TO THE FRENCH THRONE,THROUGH HIS MOTHER AS THE CAP ETS SIRED NO MALE HEIR, LED TO THE OUTBREAK OF WAR. THE 1340 SEA BATTLE OF SLU YS GAVE ENGALND CONTROL OF THE ENGLISH CHANNEL, AND THE BATTLES OF CRECY (1346) , CALAIS (1347) AND POITIERS (1356) GAVE ENGLANDDOMINANCE ON LAND AS WELL. EDW ARD'S ELDEST SON, EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE, EXCELLED IN THE FIRST PJASE OF THE W AR.
HISTTHE BLACK DEATH, OR THE PLAGUE, SWEPT ACROSS ENGLAND AND NORTHERN EURO PE FROM 1348 TO 1350, CLAIMING AS MUCH AS HALF THE POPULATION. THE TREATY OF B RETIGNY IN 1360 BROUGHT PEACE UNTIL 1369. THE ENGLISH MILITARY HAD BEEN WEAKEN ED BY THEPLAGUE AND CONTINUALLY LOST GROUND UNTIL EDWARD SIGNED THE TREATY OF B RUGES IN 1375, WHICH LEFT ENGLAND WITH ONLY CALAIS, BORDEAUX AND BAYONNE IN NOR MANDY. Parents: EDWARD II KING OF ENGLAND and ISABEL CAPET.

He was married to PHILLIPE D'AVESNES on 24 Jan 1327 in YORK, ENGLAND. Children were: EDWARD 'THE BLACK PRINCE' PRINCE OF WALES, ISABELLA PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, JOAN (JOANNA) PRINCESS OF ENGLAND , WILLIAM LORD OF HATFIELD, LIONEL DUKE OF CLARENCE, JOHN Of Gaunt PLANTAGENET , EDMUND PLANTAGENET OF LANGLEY, BLANCHE DE LA TOUR, MARY PRINCESS OF ENGLAND , MARGARET PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, THOMAS PRINCE OF ENGLAND, WILLIAM DUKE OF WINDSOR , JOAN PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, THOMAS Of Woodstock PLANTAGENET.

bullet HENRY 'THE YOUNG KING' KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born in 1154. He died in 1183. Parents: HENRY II 'CURMANTLE' KING OF ENGLAND and ELEANOR DUCHESS OF AQUITAINE.

bullet HENRY I 'BEAUCLERC' KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born in Sep 1068 in SELBY, YORKSHIRE. He died on 1 Dec 1135 in ST.DEMIS-LE FERMONT, ROUEN, FRANCE BY POISONING. HISTBORN IN 1068, HENRY WAS THE FOURTH SON OF WILLIAM THE CONQUERER AND MATILDA . NICKNAMED BEAUCLERC (FINE SCHOLAR) FOR HIS ABOVE AVERAGE EDUCATION. HE MARR IED EDITH (EADGYTH), WHO TOOK THE NAME MATILDA, DAUGHTER OF MALCOLM III. HENRY HAD THELONGEST REIGN OF THE NORMAN KINGS OF ENGLAND, 35 YEARS.
HISTTHE FIRST YEARS OF HENRY'S REIGN WERE SPENT SUBDUING NORMANDY. HIS FATHER DIVIDED HIS KI NGDOM AMONG HENRY'S OLDER BROTHERS, GIVING ENGLAND TO WILLIAM AND NORMANDY TO R OBERT. HENRY INHERITED NO LAND BUT DID RECEIVE 5000 POUNDS IN SILVER. HEPLAYE D BOTH SIDES IN HIS BROTHERS QUARREL, LEADING BOTH TO MISTRUST HENRY, AND SIGNE D A PACT BARRING HENRY FROM THE CROWN. HENRY'S HOPES ROSE WHEN ROBERT WENT WIT H THE CRUSADES. HENRY WAS IN THE WOODS HUNTING ON AUGUST 2, 1100, WHEN WILLIAM DIED. HENRY MOVED QUICKLY AND WAS CROWNED ON AUGUST 5, 1100. ROBERT WAS CAPTU RED UPON HIS RETURN FROM THE HOLY LAND AND SPENT THE REMAINING 28 YEARS OF HIS LIFE AS HENRY'S PRISONER.
HISTTHE FINAL YEARS OF HENRY'S REIGN WERE CONCENTRAT ED ON WAR WITH FRANCE, AND CONCERNS OVER SUCCESSION AFTER THE DEATH OF HIS SON WILLIAM IN 1120, LEAVING HIS DAUGHTER MATILDA AS THE ONLY SURVIVING HEIR. SHE WAS RECALLED TO THE ENGLISH COURTAFTER THE DEATH OF HER HUSBAND, EMPEROR HENRY V OF GERMANY, IN 1125. HE FORCED THE NOBLES TO ACCEPT HER AS QUEEN UPON HIS DE ATH. SHE WAS THEN FORCED TO MARRY THE 16 YEAR OLD GEOFFREY OF ANJOU (FOUNDER O F THE PLANTAGENET DYNASTY) TO CONTINUETHE ANGEVIN ALLIANCE. THE MARRIAGE WAS U NPOPULAR AMONG THE NORMAN BARONS, AND HENRY WAS FORCED TO ACQUIRE ANOTHER OATH OF ALLEGIANCE FROM THEM. Parents: WILLIAM I 'THE CONQUERER' KING OF ENGLAND and MATHILDA (MAUD) QUEEN OF ENGLAND.

He was married to SYBILLA CORBET in 1083. Children were: ELIZABETH JOAN FITZHENRY, MATILDA (MAUD) FITZHENRY, CONSTANCE FITZHENRY , ROBERT DE CAEN, EUSTACIE FITZHENRY, ALICE (ALINE) FITZHENRY, EMMA FITZHENRY, SIBYL ELIZABETH FITZHENRY, WILLIAM PRINCE OF ENGLNAD, REGINALD De DUNSTONVILLE FITZROY, GUNDRED FITZHENRY, ROHESE FITZROY, GILBERT FITZHENRY.

He was married to ISABEL (ELIZABETH) DE BEAUMONT in 1120.

He was married to ADELIZA DE LOUVAIN in 1122.

He was married to MATHILDA EDITH PRINCESS OF ALBA on 11 Nov 1100 in WESTMINSTER ABBEY, LONDON. Children were: MATILDA (MAUD) 'THE EMPRESS' QUEEN OF ENGLAND; EMPRESS, EUPHEMIA SYBIL PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, WILLIAM IV 'ATHELING' DUKE OF NORMANY, RICHARD PRINCE OF ENGLAND.

He was married to NEST FERCH RHYS in 1103. Children were: HENRY FITZHENRY.

He was married to EDITH (EDA) FITZFORNE in 1100.

bullet HENRY II 'CURMANTLE' KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born on 5 Mar 1132 in LE MANS, SARTHE, FRANCE. He died on 6 Jul 1189 in CHINON CASTLE, INDRE-ET-LOIRE, FRANCE. HISTHENRY II, WAS BORN IN 1133 TO GEOFFREY V PLANTAGENT AND MATILDA THE EMPRESS , DAUGHTER OF KING HENRY I OF ENGLAND. HE GREW UP IN ANJOU, FRANCE, BUT VISITE D ENGLAND AS EARLY AS 1142 TO DEFEND HIS MOTHER'S CLAIM TO THE THRONE OF STEPHE N.EDUCATED BY FAMOUS SCHOLARS, HE HAD A TRUE LOVE OF READING AND INTELLECTUAL D ISCUSSION. GEOFFREY OF ANJOU DIED IN SEPT 1151, LEAVING NORMANDY AND ANJOU TO HENRY. HENRY MORE THAN DOUBLED HIS POSSESIONS WHEN HE MARRIED ELEANOR OF AQUIT AINE, THEEX-WIFE OF KING LOUIS VII OF FRANCE. AFTER A SUCCESSION AGREEMENT BET WEEN STEPHEN AND MATILDA, HENRY WAS CROWNED HENRY II KING OF ENGLAND IN 1154. ELEANOR BORE HENRY FIVE SONS AND THREE DAUGHTERS BETWEEN 1153 AND 1167. THEIR RELATIONSHIPWITH EACH OTHER AND WITH THEIR SONS RICHARD, HENRY AND JOHN PROVED TO BE STORMY AND TREACHEROUS.
HISTHENRY REVITALIZED THE BRITISH EXCHEQUER, ISSUING RECEIPTS FOR TAX PAYMENTS AND LOGGING ACCOUNTS ON ROLLED PARCHMENT. HE REPLACED INCOMPETENT SHERRIFFS, EXPANDING THE AUTHORITY OF ROYAL COURTS, WHICH BROUGHT MORE MONEY TO HIM. A BODY OF COMMONLAW REPLACED FEUDAL AND COUNTY COU RTS, WHICH VARIED FROM PLACE TO PLACE. JURY TRIALS WERE INTRODUCED TO REPLACE THE GERMAN SYSTEM OF TRIAL BY ORDEAL OR BATTLE. HENRY'S SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO LAW FORMED A BASIS FOR MODERN COURT SYSTEMS.
HISTTHIS PROCESS OF STRENGTHENIN G ROYAL COURTS LED TO CONTROVERSY WITH CHURCH COURTS, WHERE MANY FUGITIVES FOUN D A SAFE HAVEN AS AS MANY AS 1 IN 50 ENGLISH SUBJECTS QUALIFIED AS CLERICS. HE NRY WISHED TO TRANSFER SUCH CASES TO THE ROYAL COURTS, ASTHE ONLY PUNISHMENT LE FT OPEN TO THE CHURCH WAS DEMOTION FROM THE CLERICS. THOMAS BECKETT, A CLOSE F RIEND OF HENRY'S, WAS NAMED ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY IN 1162. IN AN EFFORT TO COUNTER CLAIMS THAT HE WAS TOO CLOSELY TIED TO THE KING, HESTRONGLY OPPOSED THE WEAKENING OF THE CHURCH COURTS. HENRY DROVE BECKETT INTO EXILE FROM 1164- 117 0, WHEN BECCKETT RETURNED, ANGERING HENRY OVER THE CORONATION OF PRINCE HENRY. HENRY PUBLICLY ANNOUNCED A HALF-HEARTED DESIRE TO BE RID OFBECKETT. FOUR KNI GHTS TOOK HIM AT HIS WORD AND MURDERED BECKETT AT HIS CATHEDRAL ON DEC 29 1170. HENRY IS BEST REMEBERED FOR BECKETTS MURDER, BUT THE REALM WAS BETTER OFF WIT HOUT THE CANTANKEROUS ARCHBISHOP. HENRY WEATHERED A SMALL AND SHORTPUBLIC OUTC RY, BUT THE REAL THREAT LAY WITHIN HIS OWN FAMILY.
HISTTHE SONS OF HENRY, HE NRY THE YOUNG, RICHARD THE LION- HEART, GEOFFREY, AND JOHN LACK;AND, WERE NEVER SATISFIED AT THEIR FATHERS PLANS IN DIVIDING THE KINGDOM UPON HIS DEATH. AT T HE ENCOURAGEMENT OF THEIR MOTHER, THE SON'S REBELLED SEVERALTIMES. PRINCE HENR Y, THE ONLY MAN EVER CROWNED WHILE HIS FATHER WAS STILL ALIVE, WANTED MORE THAN A ROYAL TITLE. THUS FROM 1173 TO HENRY'S DEATH IN 1189, HE WAS PLAGUED WITH R EBELLION AND MANIPULATIONB FROM HIS SONS. THE PRINCES FOUND AWILLING ALLY IN L OUIS VII, THEIR MOTHER'S FIRST HUSBAND. HENRY THE OUNG DIED IN 1183 AND GEOFF REY IN 1186, CLEARED THE WAY FOR RICHARD TO OVERTHROW HENRY ON JULY 4 1189. HE RECEIVED HELP FROM LOUIS VII. HENRY DIED TWO DAYS LATER. Parents: GEOFFREY V 'PLANTAGENET' COUNT OF ANJOU & MAINE and MATILDA (MAUD) 'THE EMPRESS' QUEEN OF ENGLAND; EMPRESS.

He was married to ISABELLA (IDA) PLANTAGENET DE WARENNE in 1176. Children were: WILLIAM LONGESPEE .

He was married to ELEANOR DUCHESS OF AQUITAINE on 18 May 1152 in BORDEAUX, GIRANDE, FRANCE. Children were: WILLIAM COUNT OF POITIERS, HENRY 'THE YOUNG KING' KING OF ENGLAND, MATHILDA (MAUD) PRINCESS OF ENGLAND , RICHARD I 'COUER DE LION' 'Lion-Heart' KING OF ENGLAND , GEOFFREY PLANTAGENET, PHILIP PRINCE OF ENGLAND, ELEANOR PLANTAGENET , JOAN PLANTAGENET, JOHN I 'LACKLAND' KING OF ENGLAND.

bulletHENRY III KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born on 1 Oct 1207 in WINCHESTER PALACE, WINCHESTER, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND. He died on 16 Nov 1272 in BURY, ST.EDMONS, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND. He was buried in WESTMINSTER ABBEY. HISTHENRY WAS THE FRST SON OF JOHN I AND ISABELLA OF ANGOULEME, BORN IN 1207. HE WAS CROWNED AT AGE NINE IN 1216 AND WAS SPONSORED BY TWO REGENTS; WILLIAM T HE MARSHALL (UNTIL HIS DEATH IN 1219) AND HUGH DE BURGH (UNTIL HENRY'S 25TH B IRTHDAY IN1232). HE WAS EDUCATED BY PETER DE ROCHES, ARCHBISHOP OF WINCHESTER.
HISTHENRY INHERITED A TROUBLED KINGDOM. LONDON AND MOST OF THE SOUTH WERE IN THE HANDS OF LOUIS VII OF FRANCE, AND TH REBELLIOUS BARONS WEE IN CONTROL OF T HE NORTH. ONLY THE MIDLAND AND THE SOUTHWEST WERE LOYAL TO THE YOUNG KING. TH E BARONSSOON PLEDGED ALLEGIENCE WITH HIM (THEIR QUARREL HAD BEEN WITH HIS FATHE R, NOT HIM) AND WILLIAM THE MARSHALL HAD EXPELLED LOUIS BY 1217.
HISTHENRY W AS A CULTIVATED MAN, BUT A LOUSY POLITICIAN. FRENCHMEN AND ITALIANS, WHICH CAM E AT THE REQUEST OF HIS WIFE ELEANOR, INUNDATED HIS COURT, AND THEIR RELATIVES WERE AWARDED WITH POSITIONS WITHIN THE CHURCH AND THE STATE. HIS FATEHERAND UN CLE HAD LEFT ENGLAND IMPOVERISHED, AND HENRY FINANCED COSTLY, FUTILE WARS WITH EXTORTIONATE TAXATION. INEPT DIPLOMACY AND FAILED WAR CAUSED HENRY TO SELL HIS HEREDITERY POSSESIONS IN ANGEVIN(ANJOU) REGIONS OF FRANCE, EXCEPT FOR GASCONYA ND CALAIS. HENRY'S FAILURES INCITED HOSTILITIES AMONG A GROUP OF BARONS LED BY HIS BROTHER-IN-LAW SIMON DE MONTFORT. HENRY WAS FORCED TO ACCEPT A REFORM PAC KAGE, THE PROVISIONS OF OXFORD. HIS LATER PAPAL ABSOLUTION FROM ADHERING TO TH EPROVISIONS LED TO REVOLT IN 1263. HENRY WAS SUMMONED TO THE PARLIAMENT, A GAT HERING OF TWO KNIGHTS FROM EVERY SHIRE AND A FORERUNNER TO THE MODERN HOUSE OF COMMONS. PARLIAMENT INSISTED THAT HENRY ANSWER TO A COUNCIL BEFORE MAKING POLI CYDECISIONS. HE WAS PRONE TO THE INFAMOUS PLANTAGENET TEMPER, BUT ALSO PROVED TO BE QUITE SENSITIVE AND PIOUS.
HISTTHE OLD KING, AFTER A LONG REIGN OF 56 YE ARS, DIED IN 1272. HE FOUND NO SUCCESS IN WAR, BUT OPENED ENGLISH CULURE TO TH E COSMOPOLITANISM OF THE CONTINENT. ALTHOUGH VIEWED AS A POLITICAL FAILURE, HI S REIGN DEFINED THE STRUCTURE OF THEMONARCHY UNTIL THE 15TH CENTURY- A KING LIM ITED BY LAW. Parents: JOHN I 'LACKLAND' KING OF ENGLAND and ISABELLA TAILLEFER .

He was married to ELEANOR BERENGER on 14 Jan 1236 in CANTEBURY CATH., CANTERBURY, KENT, ENGLAND. Children were: EDWARD I 'THE LONGSHANKS' KING OF ENGLAND, MARGARET PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, BEATRICE PRINCESS OF ENGLAND , EDMUND 'CROUCHBACK' PRINCE OF ENGLAND, RICHARD PRINCE OF ENGLAND, JOHN PRINCE OF ENGLAND , WILLIAM PRINCE OF ENGLAND, CATHERINE 'THE MUTE' PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, HENRY PRINCE OF ENGLAND.

bullet JOHN I 'LACKLAND' KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born on 24 Dec 1166 in BEAUMONT PALACE, OXFORD, ENGLAND. He died on 19 Oct 1216 in NEWARK CASTLE, NEWARK, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, ENGLAND. He was buried in WORCESTER CATHEDRAL. HISTJOHN WAS BORN ON CHRISTMAS EVE 1167, THE YOUNGEST SON TO HENRY II CURMANTLE AND ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE. HIS PARENTS DRIFTED APART AFTER HIS BIRTH, AND HIS YOUTH WAS DIVIDED BETWEEN HIS BROTHER'S HOUSE, WHERE HE LEARNED THE ART OF KNIG HTHOOD, ANDTHE HOUSE OF HIS FATHER'S JUSTICIAR, RANULF GLANVILLE, WHERE HE LEAR NED THE BUSINESS OF GOVERNMENT. AS THE 4TH SON, HE DID NOT INHERIT LANDS FROM HIS FATHER AND GAVE RISE TO HIS NICKNAME 'LACKLAND'. HIS FIRST MARRIAGE TO ISA BEL OF GLOUCESTERLASTED 10 YEARS AND WAS FRUITLESS. HIS SECOND WIFE, ISABELLA OF ANGOULEME BORE HIM TWO SONS, RICHARD AND HENRY III,AND THREE DAUGHTERS, ELEA NOR, JOAN, AND ISABELLA. HE ALSO HAD AN ILLEGITIMATE DAUGHTER, ANOTHER JOAN, W HO MARRIED LLEWELLYN THEGREAT, RULER OF ALL WALES, FROM WHICH THE TUDOR KINGS A RE DESCENDED.
HISTTHE ANGEVIN FAMILY FEUDS LEFT QUITE A MARK ON JOHN. HE PROV ED HIS BETRAYAL TO BOTH HIS FATHER AND BROTHER. HE AND RICHARD CLASHED IN 1184 , WHEN RICHARD REFUSED TO GIVE HIM AQUITAINE AS DICTATED BY THEIR FATHER. THE FOLLOWING YEAR, HENRY SENTJOHN TO RULE IRELAND, BUT JOHN ALIENATED THE NATIVE I RISH AND THE TRANSPLANTED ANGLO-NORMANS AND JOHN RETURNED HOME AFTER SIX MONTHS . AFTER RICHARD'S SUCCESSION IN 1189, RICHARD GAVE JOHN VAST LANDS TO APPEASE HIM. THIS DID NOT WORK AND JOHNTRIED TO OVERTHROW RICHARD'S ADMINISTRATORS D URING RICHARD'S GERMAN CAPTIVITY. HE CONSPIRED WITH PHILIP II, AND THAT ATTEMP T FAILED. UPON RICHARD'S RELEASE IN 1194, JOHN WAS FORCED TO SUE FOR PARDON, A ND SPENT THE NEXT FIVE YEARS IN HISBROTHER'S SHADOW, ATTEMPTING TO GAIN FAVOR T O BE NAMED HEIR TO THE THRONE.
HISTJOHN'S REIGN WAS FULL OF TROUBLE. A QUARRE L WITH THE CHURCH RESULTED IN ENGLAND BEING PLACED UNDER AN INTERDICT IN 1207, WITH JOHN'S EXCOMMUNICATION TWO YEARS LATER. THE DISPUTE, ORIGINATING IN JOHN' S REFUSAL TO INSTALL THE PAPAL CANDIDATE,STEPHEN LANGDON, AS ARCHBISHOP OF CANT ERBURY. THIS WAS NOT RESOLVED UNTIL POPE INNOCENT III INTERCEDED.
HISTA SUC CESSION DISPUTE WITH HIS NEPHEW, ARTHUR OF BRITTANY, RESULTED IN THE LOSS OF FR ENCH TERRITORIES, AS THE FRENCH NOBLES FAVORED ARTHUR. BY 1205, JOHN WAS BACK IN ENGLAND AS HE LOST THE LAST OF HIS FRENCH HOLDINGS. FROM 1206 TO THE END OF HIS REIGN, JOHN WAS PREOCCUPIED WITH REGAINING THESE LANDS, LEVYING HEAVY TAXES ON THE LANDED BARONS TO PAY FOR HIS CAMPAIGNS. THIS WOULD HAVE BEEN SATISFACT ORY HAD JOHN BEEN WINNING BATTLES, BUT HE WAS CONTINUALLY TROUNCED BY THE FRENC H. THEDISCONTENTED BARONS REVOLTED AND SEIZED LONDON IN MAY 1215. IN JUNE, AT RUNNYMEADE, JOHN SIGNED THE MAGNA CARTA, A FEUDAL RIGHTS DOCUMENT THAT STRESSE D THREE POINTS:
HIST1)THE CHURCH WAS FREE TO MAKE ITS OWN APPOINTMENTS.
HIST2 )NO MORE THAN THE NORMAL AMOUNT OF MONEY WOULD GIVEN TO RUN THE GOVERNMENT, UNL ESS THE FEUDAL TENANTS GAVE THEIR CONSENT.
HIST3)NO FREEMAN WAS TO BE PUNISHED BY OTHER THAN THE COMMON LAW.
HISTTHIS DOCUMENT WAS FORERUNNER TO MADERN CONS TITUTIONS. JOHN SIGNED IT AS A MEANS OF BUYING TIME AND FAILED TO KEEP HIS WOR D. THE BARONS APPEALED TO THE FRENCH AND JOHN DIED IN THE MIDST OF AN INVASION Parents: HENRY II 'CURMANTLE' KING OF ENGLAND and ELEANOR DUCHESS OF AQUITAINE.

He was married to ISABELLA TAILLEFER on 24 Aug 1200 in BORDEAUX, GIRONDE, FRANCE. Children were: HENRY III KING OF ENGLAND, JOAN PRINCESS OF ENGLAND , ISABELLA (ELIZABETH) EMPRESS OF GERMANY, ELEANOR PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, RICHARD EARL OF CORNWALL .

He was married to AGATHA DE FERRERS in 1188. Children were: JOAN FITZJOHN.

He was married to SUZANNE PLANTAGENET DE WARENNE in 1186.

bullet RICHARD I 'COUER DE LION' 'Lion-Heart' KING OF ENGLAND (33) was born in 1157. He died in 1199. Parents: HENRY II 'CURMANTLE' KING OF ENGLAND and ELEANOR DUCHESS OF AQUITAINE.

bullet STEPHEN I (Stephen IV) KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born in 1096 in BLOIS, FRANCE. He died on 25 Oct 1153 in DOVER CASTLE, KENT. Parents: STEPHEN HENRY III (ETIENNE) 'THE SAGE' COUNT OF BLOIS and ADELA PRINCESS OF ENGLAND .

He was married to MATHILDA COUNTESS OF BOULOGNE in 1125 in WESTMINSTER, LONDON. Children were: MARY (MARIE Of BOULOGNE) DE BLOIS, BALDWIN PRINCE OF ENGLNAD, EUSTACE IV EARL OF BOULOGNE, MATHILDA PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, WILLIAM DE BLOIS .

bullet WILLIAM I 'THE CONQUERER' KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born on 14 Oct 1028 in FALAISE, NORMANDY. He died on 7 Sep 1087 in HERMANTRUBE, NEAR ROUEN, FRANCE. Parents: ROBERT II 'THE DEVIL' DUKE OF NORMANDY and HERLEVE (HARLETTE) DE FALAISE .

He was married to MAUD PEVEREL in 1040. Children were: WILLIAM 'THE ELDER' PEVEREL.

He was married to MATHILDA (MAUD) QUEEN OF ENGLAND in 1053 in CATHEDRAL NOTRE DAME D'EU, NORMANDY. Children were: ROBERT II 'CURTHOSE' DUKE OF NORMANDY, RICHARD DUKE OF BERNAY , ADELIZA PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, CECILIA ABBESS OF CAEN, WILLIAM II 'RUFUS' KING OF ENGLAND, CONSTANCE PRINCESS OF ENGLNAD, AGATHA PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, MATHILDA PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, ADELA PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, HENRY I 'BEAUCLERC' KING OF ENGLAND.

bullet WILLIAM II 'RUFUS' KING OF ENGLAND(33) was born in 1058. He died on 2 Aug 1100. Parents: WILLIAM I 'THE CONQUERER' KING OF ENGLAND and MATHILDA (MAUD) QUEEN OF ENGLAND.

bullet CHARLES IV 'THE FAIR' KING OF FRANCE(33) was born in 1294. He died in 1328. Parents: PHILIP IV 'THE FAIR' KING OF FRANCE and JEANNE I QUEEN OF NAVARRE.

bullet HENRY I KING OF FRANCE(33) was born on 15 May 1008 in BOURGOGNE, FRANCE. He died on 4 Aug 1060 in VITRY-ON-BRIE, FRANCE. He was buried in ST. DENIS, FRANCE. Parents: ROBERT II "THE PIOUS" KING OF FRANCE and CONSTANCE DE TOULOUSE.

He was married to ANNA JAROSLAVNA on 29 Jan 1044 in RHEIMS, FRANCE. Children were: PHILIP I 'THE FAIR' KING OF FRANCE, HUGH "THE GREAT" DE CREPI.

bullet LOTHAR KING OF FRANCE(33) was born in 941. He died in 986. Parents: LOUIS IV 'DE OUTRE-MER' KING OF FRANCE and GERBURGA ABBESS OF NOTRE DAME.

bullet LOUIS IV 'DE OUTRE-MER' KING OF FRANCE(33) was born in 920. He died in 954 in RHEIMS, MARME, FRANCE.

He was married to GERBURGA ABBESS OF NOTRE DAME in 939. Children were: MATHILDA PRINCESS OF FRANCE, LOTHAR KING OF FRANCE, CHARLES DE LAON.

bullet LOUIS IX 'ST. LOUIS' KING OF FRANCE(33) was born on 25 Apr 1215 in FRANCE. He died on 25 Aug 1270 in TUNIS, TUNISIA IN BATTLE. He was buried in ST. DENIS, FRANCE. He was a. HISTLOUIS IX ASCENDED THE THRONE OF FRANCE IN 1226 AT THE AGE OF 12, WITH HIS M OTHER BLANCHE OF CASTILE AS REGENT. SOME FRENCHE REGENTS JOINED WITH THE ENGLI SH IN ATTEMPT TO SEIZE THE CROWN REBELLED BUT WERE STOPPED BY BLANCHE.
HISTLOU IS' GREAT ACCOMPLISHMENT WAS IN GAINING THE LOYALTY OF THE CONQUERED PROVINCES OF FRANCE THROUGH A JUST AND HUMANE ADMINISTRATION. HE WAS CAREFUL TO GUARD AG AINST CORRUPTION BY SENDING OUT INVESTIGATORS FROM HIS COURT TO HERE COMPLAINTS OFHIS SUBJECTS ABOUT HIS ROYAL OFFICERS. UNDER LOUIS, ROYAL GOVERNMENT BECAME LARGER MORE PROFFESSIONAL, AND MORE SPECIALIZED.
HISTA DEVOUTLY RELIGIOUS M AN, LOUIS WISHED TO CROWN HIS CAREER WITH A CRUSADE. HE LAUNCHED HIS CRUSADE I N 1247. HE ATTACKED DAMIETTA IN EGYPT, BUT WAS SOON REPULSED BY THE MUSLIM DEF ENDERS. HE THEN WENT OT THE HOLY LAND TO REINFORCE CHRISTIANFORTIFICATIONS THE RE. IN 1270, HE AGAIN WENT ON CRUSADE, BUT WAS STRUCK DOWN BY DISEASE AND DIED AT TUNIS. AFTER HIS DEATH MIRACLES WERE ATTRIBUTED TO HIM AND HE WAS DECLARED A SAINT IN 1297. Parents: LOUIS VIII 'THE LION' KING OF FRANCE and BLANCHE (BLANCA) PRINCESS OF CASTILE.

He was married to MARGUERITE BERENGER on 27 May 1234 in ST.ETIENNE, FRANCE. Children were: PHILIP III 'THE BOLD' Le HARDI KING OF FRANCE, BLANCHE PRINCESS OF FRANCE, MARGUERITE PRINCESS OF FRANCE, ROBERT DE CLERMONT, AGNES PRINCESS OF FRANCE.

bullet LOUIS VI "THE FAT" KING OF FRANCE(33) was born in 1081 in HERBST, FRANCE. He died on 1 Aug 1137 in CHATEAU BETHIZY, PARIS, FRANCE. He was buried in ST. DENIS, FRANCE. HISTLOUIS VI THE FAT SPENT NEARLY HIS ENTIRE REIGN SUBDUING ROBBER BARONS, WHO PREYED ON PARIS. THEY WERE EVENTUALLY FORCED TO ACCEPT ROYAL AUTHORITY. FROM 1109 TO 1135, LOUIS WAGED WAR AGAINST HENRY I, THE NORMAN KING OF ENGLAND, AND AGAINSTHENRY V, HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR, SON- IN-LAW TO HENRY I. HE SUCCESSFULLY RE PELLED AN INVASION BY HENRY V IN 1124. LOUIS GREATLY STRENGTHENED THE ROYAL PO WER IN FRANCE, GRANTED BENEFACTIONS TO THE CHURCH, AND PROTECTION TO THE TOWNS. HE BECAMEKNOWN AS A PROTECTOR TO THE PEASANTS AND A FEARLESS MILITARY LEADER. HE WAS SUCCEEDED BY HIS SON LOUIS VII. Parents: PHILIP I 'THE FAIR' KING OF FRANCE and BERTHA VON WESTFRIESLAND .

He was married to ADELAIDE DE MAURIENNE in 1115. Children were: PHILIP II KING OF FRANCE, LOUIS VII "THE YOUNGER" KING OF FRANCE, HENRY BISHOP OF ROUEN, ROBERT DE DREUX, PHILIP BISHOP OF PARIS, PETER DE COURTENAY, CONSTANCE PRINCESS OF FRANCE.

bullet LOUIS VII "THE YOUNGER" KING OF FRANCE(33) was born in 1119 in FONTAINEBLEAU, FRANCE. He died on 11 Sep 1181 in PARIS, FRANCE. He was buried in ABBEY BARBEAUX, MELUN, FRANCE. HISTLOUIS VII LED ONE OF THE ARMIES IN THE SECOND CRUSADE. THEY SUFFERED SERIO US LOSSES IN ASIA MINOR ON THE ROAD TO ANTALYA ON YHE MEDITERRANEAN COAST. ULT IMATELY, THE KING AND QUEEN (SHE CAME WITH HIM) WERE WELCOMED BY PRINCE RAYMOND OFANTIOCH, WHO WAS THE UNCLE TO QUEEN ELEANOR. REPORTEDLY, IT WAS IN ANTIOCH THAT THE QUEEN REMARKED THAT HER HUSBAND WAS MORE LIKE A MONK THEN A MAN WHEN H E WANTED TO CONTINUE ON TO JERUSALEM INSTEAD OF HELPING RAYMOND ATTACK A MUSLIM LEADER INALEPPO. ELEANOR, A LIVELY, FLIRTATIOUS AND ATTRACTIVE WOMAN SUPPORTE D RAYMOND'S POSITION, BUT LOUIS WAS NOT PERSUADED. ELEANOR HAD BEEN SPENDING M UCH OF HER TIME WITH HER UNCLE, AND RUMORS OF AN AFFAIR HAD BEGUN. WHEN ELEANO R MADE IT CLEARTHAT SHE WANTED TO REMAIN IN ANTIOCH, LOUIS STORMED INTO RAYMOND 'S PALACE AND FORCIBLY REMOVED HER AND HEADED FOR JERUSALEM. WHEN THEY REACHED ACRE, KING BALDWIN AND HIS MOTHER QUEEN MELISENDE MET THEM AND THE ARMY OF KIN G CONRAD OF GERMANY. THEY DECIDED TO MARCH AGAINST DAMASCUS. THEIR COMBINED FO RCES NUMBERED AROUND 50,000 MEN. AFTER LAYING SEIGE TO THE CITY, THE THREE LEA DERS BEGAN TO ARGUE ABOUT WHO WOULD TAKE CONTROL. MORALE IN THE TROOPS WENT DO WN, AND THERE WAS TALK OFRETREAT BY THOSE SECTIONS WHO NOT BE BENEFITTED BY THE FALL OF DAMASCUS. WITH THE ARMIES IN DIARRAY, A HUMILIATING RETREAT ENDED THE CONFLICT. Parents: LOUIS VI "THE FAT" KING OF FRANCE and ADELAIDE DE MAURIENNE.

He was married to ADELAIDE DE BLOIS in 1060. Children were: PHILIP II AUGUSTUS KING OF FRANCE, AGNES PRINCESS OF FRANCE , ALICE (ADELE ALIX) PRINCESS OF FRANCE.

He was married to ELEANOR DUCHESS OF AQUITAINE on 25 Jul 1137 in BOURDEAUX, FRANCE. He was divorced from ELEANOR DUCHESS OF AQUITAINE on 18 Mar 1152. Children were: MARY (MARIE) PRINCESS OF FRANCE, ALISA (ADELAIDE ALIX) PRINCESS OF FRANCE .

bullet LOUIS VIII 'THE LION' KING OF FRANCE(33) was born on 5 Sep 1187 in PARIS, FRANCE. He died on 8 Nov 1226 in MONTPENSIER-EN-AUVERGNE, FRANCE. HISTBEFORE LOUIS' SUCCESSION, HE AIDED HIS IN SEVERAL CAMPAIGNS AGAINST JOHN, THE ANGEVIN, PLANTAGENET, KING OF ENGLAND TO GAIN CONTROL OF JOHN'S FRENCH LAND S. PHILIP II HAD PREVIOUSLY CONSPIRED WITH JOHN'S BROTHER RICHARD I THE LION H EART, BUTLATER TURNED AGAINST HIM. IN 1215, LOUIS WAS OFFERED THE ENGLISH THR ONE BY A GROUP OF BARONS IN THE MAGNA CARTA REBELLION. LOUIS LED AN UNSUCCESSF UL INVASION AND WAS SHIPPED BACKED TO FRANCE. THE FRENCH INVADERS WERE EXCOMMU NICATED BY THEPAPAL LEGATE IN ENGLAND AND DEFEATED IN THE BATTLE OF LINCOLN. Parents: PHILIP II AUGUSTUS KING OF FRANCE and ISABELLA D'HAINAUT.

He was married to BLANCHE (BLANCA) PRINCESS OF CASTILE on 23 May 1200 in ABBEY OF PORT-MORT, BAPAUME, NORMANDY, FRANCE. Children were: LOUIS IX 'ST. LOUIS' KING OF FRANCE, ROBERT COUNT OF ARTOIS , ALFONSE PRINCE OF FRANCE, CHARLES I Of Anjou KING OF NAPLES-SICILY-.

bullet LOUIS X 'THE HEADSTRONG' KING OF FRANCE(33) was born on 4 Oct 1289. He died on 5 Jun 1316. Parents: PHILIP IV 'THE FAIR' KING OF FRANCE and JEANNE I QUEEN OF NAVARRE.

bullet PHILIP I 'THE FAIR' KING OF FRANCE(33) was born on 23 May 1053. He died on 29 Jul 1108 in MEULAN, FRANCE. Parents: HENRY I KING OF FRANCE and ANNA JAROSLAVNA.

He was married to BERTHA VON WESTFRIESLAND in 1072. Children were: CONSTANCE PRINCESS OF FRANCE, LOUIS VI "THE FAT" KING OF FRANCE, HENRI DE FRANCE, CHARLES DE FRANCE, ODO DE FRANCE.

He was married to BERTRADE DE MONTFORT on 15 May 1092.

bullet PHILIP II KING OF FRANCE(33) was born on 29 Aug 1116. He died on 30 Oct 1131. Parents: LOUIS VI "THE FAT" KING OF FRANCE and ADELAIDE DE MAURIENNE.

bullet PHILIP II AUGUSTUS KING OF FRANCE(33) was born on 21 Aug 1165 in GONESSE, PARIS, FRANCE. He died on 14 Jul 1223 in MANTES, FRANCE. He was buried in ST. DENIS, FRANCE. HISTPHILLIP II AUGUSTUS RULED FRANCE FROM 1180 TO 1223. THROUGH HIS FIRST MARR IAGE, HE AQUIRED THE NORTHERN LANDS OF ARTOIS, VALOIS AND VERMANDOIS. HE ALSO ACQUIRED CONTROL OF THE VEXIN, A STRATEGIC AREA OF THE SEINE, BETWEEN NORMANDY AND ILE DEFRANCE. PHILIP SERVED BRIEFLY IN THE 3RD CRUSADE 1190-1191.
HISTHIS CHANCE TO MOVE AGAINST THE ANGEVIN (PLANTAGENET) EMPIRE CAME WHEN KING JHON LA CKLAND MARRIED A PRINCESS ALDREADY BETROTHED TO ONE OF PHILIP'S VASSALS. PHILI P SUMMONED JOHN TO HIS COURT THREE TIMES, AND WHEN JOHN FAILED TO APPEAR,PHILIP WAS ABLE TO CONDEMN JOHN AND DECLARE HIS LANDS FORFEIT. IN 1204, PHILIP UNDER TOOK THE MILITARY CONQUEST OF NORMANDY AND ANJOU. TEN YEARS LATER HE COMPLETED HIS CONQUEST BY DEFEATEING THE COMBINED ARMIES OF ENGLAND AND THE HOLY ROMANEM PIIRE AT THE BATTLE OF BOUVINES.
HISTAN OPPORTUNITY FOR NORTHERN INVASION OF S OUTHERN FRANCE WAS FURNISHED BY THE CATHARI, OR ALBIGENSES, A DISSIDENT RELIGIO US SECT STRONG IN PROVENCE AND LANGUEDOC. ST. BERNARD AND OTHERS HAD PREACHED AGAINST THE CATHARS IN THE 12THCENTURY, BUT WITH LITTLE SUCCESS. POPE INNOCENT III ENCOURAGED NEW MISSIONS UNTIL ONE OF HIS MISSIONARIES, PETER DE CASTLENAU, WAS ASSASSINATED IN 1208. INNOCENT THEN ADOPTED THE WEAPON OF THE CRUSADE, UN TIL THEN ONLY USED AGAINST MUSLIMS, AGAINST THE HERETICS. CRUSADERS WERE PROMIS ED THE LAND THE TOOK FROM THE CATHARS, AND NORTHERN FRENCH KNIGHTS UNDER THE CO MMAND OF SIMON DE MONTFORT RUSHED TO PARTICIPATE. PHILIP AUGUSTUS WAS TOO OCC UPIED WITH THE ENGLISH TO JOIN IN THEFIRST PHASE OF THE ALBIGENSIAN CRUSADE, BU T HIS SON LOUIS VIII LED A SUCCESSFUL CAMPAIGN THAT RESULTED IN THE EXPANSION O F THE ROYAL DOMAIN TO THE COAST OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA. ONE PRICE PAID BY TH E FRANCH IN THIS WAS THE LOSS OF INDEPEDENTCULTURE IN PROVENCE AND LANGUEDOC. THE OTHER WAS THE LOSS OF LOUIS VIII. Parents: LOUIS VII "THE YOUNGER" KING OF FRANCE and ADELAIDE DE BLOIS.

He was married to ISABELLA D'HAINAUT on 28 Apr 1180 in BAPAUME, FRANCE. Children were: LOUIS VIII 'THE LION' KING OF FRANCE, MARIE PRINCESS OF FRANCE.

bullet PHILIP III 'THE BOLD' Le HARDI KING OF FRANCE(33) was born on 1 May 1245 in POISSY, FRANCE. He died on 5 Oct 1285 in PERPIGNAN, FRANCE. He was buried in ST. DENIS, FRANCE. HISTPHILIP III, CALLED THE BOLD, SON OF LOUIS IX. A WEAK RULER, HE WAS DOMINAT ED AT TIMES BY HIS CHAMBERLAIN, HIS WIFE, HIS MOTHER, AND ESPECIALLY HIS UNCLE CHARLES I OF ANJOU, KING OF THE TWO SICILIES. Parents: LOUIS IX 'ST. LOUIS' KING OF FRANCE and MARGUERITE BERENGER.

He was married to ISABELLE PRINCESS OF ARAGON on 28 May 1262 in CLERMONT, AUVERGNE, FRANCE. Children were: PHILIP IV 'THE FAIR' KING OF FRANCE, CHARLES DE VALOIS .

bullet PHILIP IV 'THE FAIR' KING OF FRANCE(33) was born in 1268 in FONTAINEBLEAU, FRANCE. He died on 29 Nov 1314 in FONTAINEBLEAU, FRANCE. He was buried in ST DENIS, FRANCE. HISTPHILIP IV , ALSO CALLED THE FAIR, WAS KNOWN FOR HIS CONFLICT WITH THE PAPAC Y. THROUGH MARRIAGE HE BECAME THE RULER OF NAVARRE AND CHAMPANGE. BETWEEN 129 4 AND 1298, PHILIP SIEZED CONTROL OF GUIENNE, IN S.W. FRANCE. THIS AREA WAS A POSSESIONOF EDWARD I THE LONGSHANKS, KING OF ENGLAND. IN 1297, WAR ENSUED BETW EEN FRANCE AND FLANDERS, AN ALLY OF ENGLAND. UNDER THE ACT OF TREATY IN 1299, PHILIP WITHDREW FROM GUIENNE AND EDWARD WITHDREW FROM FLANDERS. FLANDERS BECAM E A FRENCHPOSSESSION. A REVOLT BROKE OUT AT BRUGGE (BRUGES), AND AT THE BATTLE OF COURTAI IN 1302, THE FRENCH WERE ROUTED BY THE FLEMISH BURGHERS.
HISTTHE G REAT EVENT OF PHILIP'S REIGN WAS HIS STRUGGLE WITH POPE BONIFACE VIII, WHICH GR EW OUT OF PHILIP'S ATTEMPT TO TAX THE CLERGY. BY THE BILL CLERICOS LAICOS IN 1 296, BONIFACE FORBADE THE CLERGY FROM PAYING TAXES TO A SECULAR POWER, ANDPHILI P REPLIED BY FORBIDDING THE EXPORT OF COINS, DEPRIVING THE POPE OF FRENCH REVEN UES. A SHORT TRUCE WAS BROUGHT TO AN END WHEN PHILIP ARRESTED THE PAPAL LEGATE IN 1301 AND SUMMONED THE FIRST ESTATES GENERAL. THIS COMMITTEE,COMPOSED OFCLE RGY, NOBLES AND BURGHERS, GAVE SUPPORT TO PHILIP. BONIFACE RETALIATED WITHTHE UNUM SANCTUM IN 1302, A DECLARATION OF PAPAL SUPREMACY. PHILIP'S PARTISANS THE N IMPRISONED BONIFACE. THE POPE ESCAPED BUT DIED SOON AFTERWARD.
HISTIN 130 5, PHILIP OBTAINED THE ELECTION OF ONE OF HIS ADHERENTS TO THE PAPACY, CLEMENT V, AND COMPELLED HIM TO LIVE IN FRANCE. IN 1307, PHILIP ARRESTED GRAND MASTER JACQUES DE MOLAY OF THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR AND FORCED THE POPE TO SUPRESS THEORDER Parents: PHILIP III 'THE BOLD' Le HARDI KING OF FRANCE and ISABELLE PRINCESS OF ARAGON.

He was married to JEANNE I QUEEN OF NAVARRE on 16 Aug 1284. Children were: ISABEL CAPET, LOUIS X 'THE HEADSTRONG' KING OF FRANCE, PHILIP V 'THE TALL' KING OF FRANCE, CHARLES IV 'THE FAIR' KING OF FRANCE.

bullet PHILIP V 'THE TALL' KING OF FRANCE(33) was born in 1291. He died on 3 Jan 1322. Parents: PHILIP IV 'THE FAIR' KING OF FRANCE and JEANNE I QUEEN OF NAVARRE.

bullet ROBERT II "THE PIOUS" KING OF FRANCE(33) was born on 27 Mar 972 in ORLEANS, FRANCE. He died on 20 Jul 1031 in MELUN CASTLE, MELUN, AQUITAINE, FRANCE. Parents: HUGH CAPET and ADELAIDE DE POITOU.

He was married to CONSTANCE DE TOULOUSE in 1003. Children were: HUGH PRINCE OF FRANCE, HENRY I KING OF FRANCE, ROBERT I 'THE OLD' DUKE OF BURGUNDY, ADELAIDE (ADELA ALIX) PRINCESS OF FRANCE , CONSTANCE PRINCESS OF FRANCE.

Children were: GEROLD I COUNT OF GENEVA.

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