The Ancestors and Relatives of Charline Johnson & Jack Long :Information about Susann Francois

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Susann Francois (b. 1620, d. 1677)

Susann Francois²² was born 1620 in France²², and died 1677 in Manheim, Germany²². She married Nicholas Deveaux on 1640 in France²².

Notes for Susann Francois:
[Devore2.FTW]

The Mereau

The mereau (plural mereaux) is a circular token which the Huguenots used in France from the 1550's to the mid 19th century. During holy communion an elder would give, before the service, a méreau to each parishioner who qualified to receive the sacrament. The others, who did not attend catechism regularly or had been admonished by the consistory, would not receive a mereau. During the service each individual would hand his mereau to an elder standing next to the communion table before receiving bread and wine.

In approximately 1561 Calvin wrote a "letter to the faithful in France" in which he stronly urged them to use the mereaux. The use of such an attendance token consequently becamecommon practice and for more than 200 years it served as a token of adherence to the persecuted religion and its rites as well as a secret symbol of the solidarity of the faithful.

In the 1680's, during the large scale royal persecution of Huguenots, the mereaux were used as an identification device to detect any Catholic spy. Huguenots had to show their méreuax when they entered the Church as proof of their membership of the Protestant church. After the revocation of the Edict of Nates many Huguenot churches continued to use it, also in countries outside of France by Huguenot refugees, including the Threadneedle Street Church in London where it was in use until 1692.

Even in later times its use continued. The Order of the Colloque du Bordelais, on December 17th, 1754, Art. 7, XVII, reads: "Since we must be very careful and take precautions, each member will be given a particular mark or cachet to be handed over at the place ofassembly. Those who are without them will not be admitted at the holy offices".

The méreaux were normally circular, except those used in Nimes which were oval. The sizes differed, but normally it was about 30 mm (1 inches) in diameter. Also the names, motifs and inscriptions varied locally because of different moulds used to coin them. In Poitou they were known as marques, in Languedoc marreaux, and in Angoumois marrons. Most of them were made out of lead or piouter, but sometimes they were made in leather, wax, or even glass.

As far as the motif is concerned, they were of two kinds: "le type au berger", and "le type à la coupe" (cup type), depending on the design depicted on the head side. On the méreau shown above Christ is depicted
as a shepherd, with a staff in His left hand, holding a trumpet in His right hand. Two fig trees, one on either sideof Christ, with a cross and banner are also shown. A flock of sheep, symbolising His followers, is shown at His feet.

The back side of the méreau shows anopen bible, which is usually opened at St. Luke chapter 12, verse 32: "Have nofear little flock". Above the Bible is a symbolic shining sun and six stars.
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Huguenot
James C. Neagles, The Library of Congress

"Huguenots were European Protestants of any denomination. In Holland they followed Peter Waldo and were known variously as Waldenareans or Waldroons. Generally, they followed the teaching of John Calvin, and many later became either Lutherans, Presbyterians, Anglicans, Episcopalians, Quakers, Congregationalists, or Baptists. For200 years they were branded as heretics and persecuted and killed by order of the Catholic church. In France, King Henry IV issued the famous Edict of Nantesin 1595, which forbade their worship but permitted them freedom of conscience.When the edict was revoked in 1685, large-scale massacres took place, and the Huguenots began fleeing France to other European countries, especially Holland and eventually the United States."
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Nicholas D'Ailly was a French Huguenot apparently born in Artois, in the Normandy Province ofFrance, in 1640. At some point prior to 1680 he f

More About Susann Francois and Nicholas Deveaux:
Marriage: 1640, France.²²

Children of Susann Francois and Nicholas Deveaux are:

+Daniel Deveaux, b. Abt. 1655, Picardy, Walloon Soil, France²², d. 1729, Hunterdon Co, N.J.²².