Family Tree Maker's Genealogy Site: Genealogy Report: Ancestors of Jennifer Rinea Reed

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Ancestors of Jennifer Rinea Reed

Generation No. 31

      1610644480. IV Foulques, Count Anjou, born 1034 in of Anjou, France; died 14 Apr 1109 in ANJOU, France. He was the son of 3221288960. Geoffroy II Count Gastinois and 3221288961. (Countess of Gas Ermengarde De Countess Anjou. He married 1610644481. (Queen of France Bertrade De Montfort Abt. 1080.

      1610644481. (Queen of France Bertrade De Montfort, born Abt. 1059 in MONTFORT, France; died 14 Feb 1116/17 in Fontrevault, France. She was the daughter of 3221288962. (Seigneur de) Simon Montfort I and 3221288963. Agnes D' Evreux.

More About IV Foulques, Count Anjou:
Baptism (LDS): Submitted
Endowment (LDS): Submitted

More About (Queen of France Bertrade De Montfort:
Baptism (LDS): 19 Apr 1933
Endowment (LDS): 28 Apr 1933

Child of IV Foulques and Bertrade De Montfort is:

805322240

King of Jerusalm Foulques V Count Le Anjou, born 1092 in of, ANJOU, France; died 10 Nov 1143 in Jerusalem; married (Countess of Anj Ermengarde Du Maine 11 Jul 1110 in France.

      1610644482. Elias, Count Maine, born Abt. 1060 in of, MAINE, France; died 1110. He married 1610644483. (Countess of Mai Matilde De Chateau Du Loire Bef. 1092.

      1610644483. (Countess of Mai Matilde De Chateau Du Loire, born Abt. 1055 in of Chateau, Eure-et-Loire, France; died 1099.

Child of Elias and Matilde Du Loire is:

805322241

(Countess of Anj Ermengarde Du Maine, born Abt. 1096 in MAINE, France; died 1126 in MAINE, France; married King of Jerusalm Foulques V Count Le Anjou 11 Jul 1110 in France.

      1610644484. William I - The Conqueror King, born 1027; died 09 Sep 1087 in ROUEN, FR. He was the son of 3221288968. Robert - Duke Of Normandy and 3221288969. Arletta. He married 1610644485. Matilda - Of Flanders 1053.

      1610644485. Matilda - Of Flanders, born 1031; died 02 Nov 1083. She was the daughter of 3221288970. Baldwin V - Count Of Flanders and 3221288971. Adela.

Child of William King and Matilda Flanders is:

805322242

Henry I Beauclerc - King Of England, born 1068; died 01 Dec 1135 in GISORS, FR; married (1) Priness Matilda Scotland; married (2) Matilda "Atheling" Princess Of Scotland WFT Est. 1091-1112; married (3) Matilda - Of Scotland Beauclerc 11 Nov 1100.

      1610644486. Malcolm III "Ceanmor" I King of Scotland, born 1033 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland; died 13 Nov 1093 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England. He married 1610644487. Margaret "Atheling" Queen Of Scotland Abt. 1067 in Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland.

      1610644487. Margaret "Atheling" Queen Of Scotland, born Abt. 1042 in Wessex, England; died 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland. She was the daughter of 3221288974. Edward "Atheling" Prince Of England and 3221288975. Agatha Von Brunswick.

Children of Malcolm Scotland and Margaret Scotland are:

	805322243	i.		Matilda "Atheling" Princess Of Scotland, born Abt. 1079 in Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland; died 01 May 1118 in Westminister, Middlesex, England; married Henry I Beauclerc - King Of England WFT Est. 1091-1112.
		ii.		David King Of Scotland, born 1080 in Scotland; died 24 May 1158 in England.

      1610644488. William Vi Aquitaine VIII, born Abt. 1026 in AQUITAINE, France; died 25 Sep 1086 in France. He was the son of 3221288976. William Aquitaine III and 3221288977. Agnes Countess Of Burgundy. He married 1610644489. (Princess of) Hildegarde France 1068.

      1610644489. (Princess of) Hildegarde France, born Abt. 1030 in BURGUNDY, France; died Aft. 1104. She was the daughter of 3221288978. Robert I Capet The Burgundy Bourgo and 3221288979. Helie Ella Ermengarde Semur.

Child of William Aquitaine and Hildegarde France is:

805322244

William VII Guillaume Aquitaine, born 22 Oct 1071 in France; died 10 Feb 1126/27 in France; married (1) (Countess of) Philippa Mathilde Or Toulouse 1094 in France. 1094 in France.

      1610644622. X Guillame, Count Of Poitou, Duke Of Acquitaine, born 1099 in Toulouse, France; died 09 Apr 1137 in Saint-Jacques-de-Campostelle, Spain. He married 402661123. Eleanor De Chatellerault, De Rochefoucauld WFT Est. 1118-1129.

      402661123. Eleanor De Chatellerault, De Rochefoucauld, born Abt. 1103 in AQUITAINE, France; died Aft. Mar 1129/30. She was the daughter of 805322246. Aimery De Rochefoucauldt I and 805322247. Countess Of Chatellerault.

Children of X Guillame and Eleanor De Chatellerault are:

		i.		Petronilla, born WFT Est. 1119-1130; died WFT Est. 1124-1220.
	805322311	ii.		Eleanor Of Aquitaine, born 1122 in Chateau de Belin, Guinne, France; died 01 Apr 1204 in Fontevraud Abbey, Maine-et-Loire, France; married (1) VII Louis, "Le Jeune", King Of France WFT Est. 1138-1165; married (2) Henry II King England 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux Cathedral.

      1619001344. Roger II, born 22 Dec 1095 in Sicily; died 26 Feb 1153/54 in Palermo, Sicily, Italy. He was the son of 3238002688. Roger I and 3238002689. Adelaide Of Savona. He married 1619001345. Elvira Abt. 1120.

      1619001345. Elvira, born Abt. 1114 in Castile-Leon, Spain; died WFT Est. 1130-1208. She was the daughter of 3238002690. Alfonsa VI.

Notes for Roger II:

Roger II

(b. Dec. 22, 1095--d. Feb. 26, 1154, Palermo
[Sicily]), grand count of Sicily (1105-30) and king of
the Norman Kingdom of Sicily (1130-54). He also
incorporated the mainland territories of Calabria in
1122 and Apulia in 1127.

Early life.

Roger was the son of Count Roger I of Sicily and his
third wife, Adelaide of Savona. He succeeded his elder
brother Simon on Sept. 28, 1105, at the age of nine.
Little is known of his childhood. These years, during
which his mother acted as regent, he probably spent
between Mileto in Calabria, the family castle in
northeastern Sicily, and Messina; but it was at Palermo
in 1112 that he was knighted and assumed the reins of
government, and there his Sicilian capital was
henceforth established.

Though the island that Roger I and his brother Robert
Guiscard had conquered was populated predominantly by
Arabs--with a strong mixture of Greeks--Roger I had
always remained essentially a Norman knight. His son,
by contrast, was a man of the Mediterranean. Deprived
of paternal influence from the age of five, Roger was
brought up in a cosmopolitan, multilingual world of
Greek and Muslim tutors and secretaries and soon
revealed an exotic strain in his nature. The latter
was obvious enough in his complexion and in the
darkness of his eyes and hair, but his contemporaries
soon learned to their cost that he was not only a
southerner--he was also an Oriental. He was a ruler
for whom diplomacy, however tortuous, was a more
natural weapon than the sword, and gold, however
corrupting, a more effective currency than blood.

Two qualities, however, he had inherited from his
Norman forebears: his energy and his ambition. It was
these, combined with a gift for imaginative
statesmanship all his own, that enabled him to profit
from the recklessness of his cousins--the son and
grandson of Robert Guiscard--and to acquire, in return
for military aid against a rebellious baronage, more
and more of their mainland territories. By 1 122 all
Calabria was his, and in 1127, when Duke Will= of
Apulia died without issue, Roger laid claim to the
duchy as his rightful heir. Opposition was
considerable; the barons had always resented the
domination of the Hautevilles, whom they looked upon as
upstarts no better than themselves, and the papacy had
no wish to see too powerful a state established on its
southern frontier. But they were no match for Roger's
particular technique of armed diplomacy, and in 1128
Pope Honorius II invested Roger as duke of Apulia,
Calabria, and Sicily.

Thus, at 32, the young duke found himself one of the
most influential princes in Europe. Only one thing
more was necessary before he could weld his triple
duchy into a single nation and treat with his fellow
rulers on equal terms: a royal crown. Two years later
he secured it. Honorius' death early in 1130 led to a
dispute over the papal succession. One of the two
candidates, mo Innocent 11, thanks to the energetic
advocacy of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, soon had almost
the whole continent behind him. His rival, the
antipope Anacletus II, turned to Roger, who promised
full support in return for coronation.

Enthronement as king of Sicily.

The first king of Sicily was crowned on Christmas
Day 1130 in the cathedral at Palermo. The antipope
Anacletus died in 1138 and in the following year,
after routing a papal army at Galluccio and taking
the Pope captive, Roger forced Innocent to confirm
him in the Kingdom of Sicily, with the overlordship
of all Italy south of the Garigliano River. After
this he was quickly able to pacify his mainland
realm where his vassals--abetted by the German
emperor Lothair II who led a large, though
unsuccessful, expedition to South Italy in 1136-37
--had kept up an almost permanent insurrection. In
Sicily itself where the ban on large fiefs had left
little opposition to Roger's rule, the new kingdom
steadily grew more prosperous.

The King himself, more than any other ruler of his
day, was an intellectual who had thought deeply
about the science of govennnent, and although he
cherished no love for the empire of the East--
which, like that of the West, maintained its claim
to its former South Italian possessions--his whole
upbringing inclined him toward the Byzantine
concept of monarchy: a mystically tinged absolutism
in which the sovereign, as God's viceroy, lived
remote and elevated from his subjects in a
magnificence that reflected his intermediate
position between Earth and heaven. It is no
coincidence that in one of the only two portraits
of Roger with any claim to authenticity--the mosaic
in the Church of the Martorana at Palermo--he is
depicted in Byzantine robes being symbolically
crowned by Christ.

But splendour did not mean empty extravagance. A
contemporary chronicler notes that Roger would
personally go through his exchequer accounts,
recording even the smallest expenditure, and that
he was as scrupulous in the payment of debts as in
their collection. Still less did it mean idleness.
In the words of his court geographer, the King
"accomplished more in his sleep than others did in
their waking day." Building on the foundations his
father had laid, he created a civil service, based
eclectically on Norman, Greek, and Arabic models,
that was the wonder and envy of Europe. He
entrusted &race to his Arab subjects, who also
supplied him with the spearhead of his army. The
navy, by contrast, was predominantly Greek; its
chief, known by the Arabic title emir of emirs--
from which the word derives--served also as head of
the government, ranking second after the king
himself.

Roger's navy.

It was on this navy above all that Sicily's
security and prosperity depended, and Roger's use
of it was not overscrupulous. Under the greatest
of its admirals, George of Antioch, it subdued much
of what is now Tunisia to form a profitable, if
short-lived, North African empire; it captured
Corfu; it harassed the Greek coast, abducting the
best of the Theban silk workers to found the court
workshop at Palermo; and in 1149 it sailed up the
Bosporus to fire a few impudent arrows into the
gardens of the imperial palace. Significantly,
however, it played no part in the Second Crusade of
1147. Roger had hated the Frankish rulers of
Jerusalem ever since his mother's disastrous
remarriage to King Baldwin I of Jerusalem 34 years
earlier. Besides, most of his Sicilian subjects
were Muslims, and toleration was the cornerstone of
his kingdom.

This policy even showed itself in his church
buildings. Roger's first great building, the
cathedral at Cefalu, shows little Saracenic
influence, but the Palatine Chapel in Palermo,
conceived on a Latin plan and aglow with Byzantine
mosaics, is topped by a stalactite roof of pure
Arab workmanship. Oriental inspiration is equally
evident in the five vermilion cupolas of the church of S.
Giovanni degli Eremiti, built in 1142 for the Benedictines.

The Assizes of Ariano

After the pacification of South Italy, the King promulgated
in 1140 at the so-called Assizes of a corpus of law covering
every aspect of his rule. He then returned to Palermo,
which he seldom left again. There he spent his last 15
years in the most intellectual court of Europe, surrounded
by the leading thinkers of the time. Sicily was already the
only land where scholars could study both Greek and Arabic--
then the scientific language par excellence. Through
Roger's enthusiasm Sicily became a cultural clearinghouse
where, for the first time, Western and Oriental scholars
could meet on an equal footing.

Roger II was married three times. He outlived his first
wife, Elvira, daughter of Alfonso VI of Castile, and his
second, Sibyl of Burgundy. His third wife, Beatrice of
Rethel, whom he married in his last year, bore him a
daughter, Constance, after his death. Constance married the
future emperor Henry VI, bringing Sicily under the control
of the Hohenstaufens. Upon his death at age 58, Roger was
succeeded by his fourth but oldest son, William. Despite his
repeatedly expressed wish to rest in Cefalu, the King was
buried in the cathedral at Palermo, having created, in a
Europe rent by schism and exhausted by the Crusades, not
just a kingdom but a political and religious climate in
which all races, creeds, and cultures were equally
encouraged and equally favoured.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

A full biography of Roger II in English is John Julius
Norwich, The Normans in the South (U.S. title, The Other
Conquest, 1967), which takes the story of the Norman
conquest of South Italy and Sicily up to Roger's coronation
in 1130; and its sequel The Kingdom in the Sun 1130-1194
(1970). Both volumes contain comprehensive bibliographies.
See also F. Chalandon, Histoire de la Domination normande en
Italie et en Sicile, 2 vol. (1907, reprinted 1960); and
E.L.E. Caspar, Roger II (1101-1154) und die Grundung der
normannisch-sicilischen Monarchie (1904).

Electronically imported from Encylopaedia Britannica, Copyright (c) 1996

More About Roger II:
Monarchy: Bet. 1105 - 1130, Grand Count of Sicily

Child of Roger and Elvira is:

809500672

Duke Roger Of Apulia, born WFT Est. 1109-1150; died WFT Est. 1138-1228; married <Unnamed> WFT Est. 1110-1177.

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